Evaluation of external price referencing policy for NEML in Ukraine
Für fast alle Produkte kalkulierte das Studienteam den gleichen Referenzpreis, wie in der ukrainischen Preisliste angeführt. Eine Aufnahme Rumäniens in den Warenkorb der Referenzländer könnte zu einer durchschnittlichen Senkung um vier Prozent der Preise für die Produkte in der Stichprobe bewirken. Die angewandte Methodik zur Preiskalkulation entspricht den gängigen internationalen Leitlinien, wobei die transparente Auflistung der Preisquellen als besonders positiv hervorzuheben ist. Das Studienteam empfiehlt jedoch eine Vereinfachung der EPR-Methodik und eine Angleichung an andere Listen in der Ukraine (z. B. Affordable Medicines Programme) sowie eine Anwendung der Methode nur bei patentgeschützten Arzneimitteln. Alternative Preisstrategien für Generika sollen geprüft werden.
In an effort to improve access to medicines, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (MoHU) introduced in 2022 a price regulation for all medicines listed in the National Essential Medicines List (NEML). One central policy in this undertaking was external price referencing (EPR). In February 2023 the WHO Country Office in Ukraine commissioned the Austrian National Public Health Institute to conduct an evaluation of the EPR methodology and price calculation of the NEML in Ukraine.
The main objective of the study was to analyse a sample of maximum wholesale prices for the NEML published in February 2023 to determine whether or not the prices determined by EPR were calculated correctly (maximum wholesale prices based on the prices for medicines published in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, and Slovakia). Other objectives of the study were to analyse the EPR methodology with regard to feasibility and adherence to international guidelines, and to propose changes to the EPR methodology, if needed. Price data for medicines of 21 active ingredients (15% of all international non-proprietary names INNs on the NEML) was collected from the five reference countries, standardised and computed based on the EPR methodology defined by the MoHU for NEML medicines. Results were compared to the prices included in the official price list as of February 2023. In order to evaluate the Ukrainian methodology for calculating EPR prices for the NEML, the algorithms were compared against common methodologies applied in other European countries and approaches mentioned in (scientific) literature.
For almost all price calculations, the same reference price as listed in the Ukrainian price list were reached. For a few of the price calculations, discrepancies were observed e.g. due to lack of clarity in the EPR methodology. While the EPR methodology is generally consistent with standard practice, its complexity and labour-intensive nature due to manual calculations and predominance of generics pose challenges for the Ukrainian context. Hence implementing a simplified approach to generic drug price regulation under NEML is of paramount importance. Some suggestions for policy modification were identified. These include:
Simplify EPR methodology and streamline with other programmes in Ukraine
Apply EPR only for on-patent products and explore alternative pricing mechanisms for generics such as generic price links, tendering etc.
Introduce an IT tool (instead of manual calculation)
It is highly recommended to monitor the impacts on prices, affordability and access to medicines in Ukraine.